Angina is a type of chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. It’s usually a symptom of underlying heart disease rather than a condition on its own.

Angina can be frightening for the person experiencing it and those around them. Knowing how to recognise angina and respond appropriately is vital — especially in the workplace.

What Is Angina?

Angina occurs when the heart doesn’t receive enough oxygen-rich blood, often during physical activity, stress, or exertion.

It is commonly triggered by:

• Physical exertion
• Emotional stress
• Cold weather
• Heavy meals

Angina is usually relieved by rest or medication, such as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) spray.

Common Signs and Symptoms of Angina

Symptoms can vary between individuals, but commonly include:

• Chest pain, tightness, pressure, or discomfort
• Pain that may spread to the arms (often the left), neck, jaw, back, or shoulders
• Shortness of breath
• Nausea or indigestion-like discomfort
• Sweating
• Dizziness or light-headedness
• Anxiety

Some people — particularly women — may experience less typical symptoms such as fatigue, breathlessness, or nausea without obvious chest pain.

What Should a First Aider Do?

If someone is experiencing symptoms of angina:

1. Stop the activity immediately and help them sit down comfortably
2. Reassure them and keep them calm
3. Ask if they have their own angina medication (e.g. GTN spray)
   • Help them take it only if they are prescribed it
4. Encourage slow, steady breathing
5. Monitor their condition

Symptoms should usually ease within a few minutes of rest or medication.

When to Call 999

Call 999 immediately if:

• The pain lasts longer than 10 minutes
• The pain does not improve after GTN medication
• This is the first time they have experienced chest pain
• Symptoms are getting worse or feel different to usual
• The person becomes pale, breathless, or unresponsive

These signs may indicate a heart attack, which is a medical emergency.

Angina vs Heart Attack

If in doubt — treat it as a heart attack and call 999.

Learn More

At DAC Education, we cover angina and heart-related emergencies as part of our HSE-compliant, accredited first aid courses, including Emergency First Aid at Work and First Aid at Work.

Our hands-on training, delivered in Suffolk and across the UK, gives learners the confidence to recognise cardiac symptoms early and respond appropriately in real-world situations.

Disclaimer:
This article provides general first aid information and does not replace professional medical advice or diagnosis. Always seek urgent medical help if chest pain is severe, persistent, or unusual.