Headaches

Headaches are extremely common and can range from a mild nuisance to a sign of a more serious medical condition. Most headaches are not dangerous and can be managed with simple first aid measures — but it’s important to recognise red flags that need urgent medical attention.

This guide explains common headache types, what to do, and when to seek help.

Common Causes of Headaches

Headaches can be triggered by many everyday factors, including:

• Dehydration
• Stress or anxiety
• Tiredness or lack of sleep
• Eye strain (screens, poor lighting)
• Skipping meals
• Colds, flu, or sinus infections
• Poor posture or muscle tension

Some people may also experience migraines, which are more severe and recurring.

Common Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on the cause but may include:

• Dull, aching pain on both sides of the head
• Tight or pressure-like pain around the forehead or temples
• Throbbing or pulsing pain
• Sensitivity to light or sound
• Nausea or vomiting
• Neck or shoulder tension

What Should a First Aider Do?

If someone complains of a headache:

1. Encourage rest in a quiet, calm environment
2. Offer water – dehydration is a common cause
3. Reduce triggers – dim lights, reduce noise, limit screen use
4. Reassure them and monitor their condition
5. Medication – they may take their own prescribed or over-the-counter pain relief (such as paracetamol), following instructions

First aiders should not provide medication, but may assist someone in taking their own.

When to Seek Medical Help

Seek urgent medical advice or call 999 if a headache:

• Comes on suddenly and severely (“the worst headache ever”)
• Is accompanied by confusion, slurred speech, weakness, or facial drooping
• Occurs after a head injury
• Is associated with a high temperature, stiff neck, or rash
• Causes loss of consciousness, seizures, or visual disturbances

These may indicate conditions such as stroke, meningitis, or brain injury.

Managing and Preventing Headaches

• Drink fluids regularly
• Maintain good posture and workstation setup
• Take regular screen breaks
• Manage stress levels
• Eat regular meals
• Get adequate sleep

Recurring headaches should be discussed with a GP.

Learn More

At DAC Education, our HSE-compliant, accredited first aid training helps people recognise common medical conditions and respond appropriately — knowing when reassurance is enough and when to escalate.

We deliver hands-on courses in Suffolk and across the UK, building confidence to act safely and decisively in everyday and emergency situations.

Disclaimer:
This article provides general first aid guidance and is not a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis. Always seek medical help if symptoms are severe, sudden, or unusual.