A panic attack (also similar to an anxiety attack) is an episode of intense fear and anxiety often accompanied by physical symptoms. Most episodes last between 5 – 30 minutes although they can occur for longer periods.
During a panic attack, the body goes into “fight or flight” mode, which can cause distressing symptoms including:
• Sweating
• Trembling
• Palpitations
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Dizziness
• Hyperventilation
• Sickness
This is not an exhaustive list of panic attack signs and symptoms, as these will vary between individuals. The symptoms often gradually resolve as the panic subsides.
Panic attacks may have certain triggers. For example, patients who have a phobia (a strong fear of something) may experience panic attacks when exposed to their phobia.
Remove any triggers of the panic attack (or remove the patient from the trigger!).
Provide lots of reassurance and remain calm yourself.
Focus on controlling the patient’s breathing – encourage them to breathe in slowly through their nose, hold their breath for a moment, then breathe out through their mouth. Try getting them to copy your slow breathing pattern.
Once breathing is controlled, sit them down in the ‘W’ position. Bum on floor, lean back against a wall, knees up, feet on floor.
Be aware that a panic attack can sometimes look very similar to an asthma attack, and the two can occur together.